Abnormal joining of two bones (coalition) resulting in a rigid flat foot.Tendon injuries, typically tibialis posterior (on the inside of the ankle). If the patient doesn’t respond to conservative treatment, then surgery might be considered. The majority of these cases respond well to a combination of muscle stretching exercises, orthoses (shoe inserts), braces and supportive footwear. These patients are considered to have a pathological flat foot. Surgical treatment is required in the severe cases when the poor alignment of the foot causes pain or fatigue or has a high chance of doing so. A foot that rolls in excessively with most of the weight passing over the inside border may be a cause for concern. A flat or low arched foot is not considered abnormal and the height of the arch does not have any bearing on how well a foot can function.
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